Random Mat and Fiber-Reinforced Composite Material Shaped Product

ABSTRACT

There is provided a random mat including reinforcing fibers having an average fiber length of 3 to 100 mm and a thermoplastic resin, wherein the reinforcing fibers satisfy the following i) to iii).
         i) The reinforcing fibers have a weight-average fiber width (Ww) which satisfies the following equation (1).       

       0 mm&lt;Ww&lt;2.8 mm   (1)
         ii) The reinforcing fibers have an average-fiber-width dispersion ratio (Ww/Wn), which is defined as a ratio of the weight-average fiber width (Ww) to a number-average fiber width (Wn), of 1.00 or more and 2.00 or less.   iii) The reinforcing fibers have a weight-average fiber thickness which is smaller than the weight-average fiber width (Ww) thereof.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a random mat for use as an intermediatematerial for fiber-reinforced composite material shaped products inwhich a thermoplastic resin is used as the matrix, and to afiber-reinforced composite material shaped product obtained from therandom mat.

BACKGROUND ART

Random mats, which are isotropic, are used as fiber-reinforced compositematerials in which carbon fibers, aramid fibers, glass fibers, and thelike are used as reinforcing fibers, from the standpoints of formabilityand process simplicity. These random mats can be obtained, for example,by the spray-up method (dry process) in which cut reinforcing fibers areblown into a shaping die either alone or simultaneously with athermosetting resin or by a method (wet process) in which reinforcingfibers which have been cut in advance are added to a binder-containingslurry and this mixture is formed into a sheet by a papermaking method.

Known as a means for improving the mechanical properties of a compositematerial is to heighten the volume content ratio of reinforcing fibers(Vf). In the case of random mats employing cut fibers, however, it hasbeen difficult to heighten the volume content ratio of reinforcingfibers because of the presence of fibers oriented in three-dimensionaldirections, considerable fiber entanglement, etc. Furthermore, in thecase of using random mats, it is difficult to enable the reinforcingfibers to sufficiently exhibit the strength thereof since the fibers arediscontinuous, as compared with the case where continuous fibers areused, and there has been a problem in that in a shaped product obtained,the development rate of strength of the reinforcing fibers is as low asup to 50% of the theoretical value. Non-patent document 1 mentions acomposite material produced from a carbon-fiber random mat employing athermosetting resin as the matrix. In this composite material, thedevelopment rate of strength is about 44% of the theoretical value.

In the case of conventional composite materials employing athermosetting resin as the matrix, shaped products have been obtainedfrom intermediate materials called prepregs, which were obtained byimpregnating a reinforcing-fiber base material with a thermosettingresin in advance, by heating and pressing the intermediate materials for2 hours or longer using an autoclave. In recent years, an RTM method hasbeen proposed in which a reinforcing-fiber base material impregnatedwith no resin is set in a mold and a thermosetting resin is then castedthereinto, and a remarkable reduction in shaping time has been attained.However, even in the case of using the RTM method, 10 minutes or alonger period is required for each component to be shaped.

Consequently, composite materials obtained using a thermoplastic resinas the matrix, in place of the conventional thermosetting resin, areattracting attention.

Thermoplastic stamping (TP-SMC) in which a thermoplastic resin is usedas the matrix (patent document 1) is a molding method which includesheating chopped fibers impregnated in advance with a thermoplastic resinto or above the melting point, introducing the heated fibers into someof the cavity of a mold, immediately closing the mold, and causing thefibers and the resin to flow within the mold to thereby obtain the shapeof a product, followed by cooling and molding. In this technique,molding can be completed in a period as short as about 1 minute by usingfibers impregnated with a resin in advance. Such techniques are methodsin which molding materials called SMCs or stampable sheets are used. Thethermoplastic stamping has had problems, for example, in that since thefibers and the resin are caused to flow within the mold, thin-walledproducts cannot be molded and fiber orientation is disordered anddifficult to control.

Patent document 2 proposes, as a means for improving mechanicalproperties and the isotropy in a fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resinshaped product, a technique wherein constituent carbon fibers are evenlydispersed into a single fiber form to thereby avoid the trouble thatresin-rich portions are formed at the spaces between fiber bundles orthat the resin cannot be impregnated into inner parts of fiber bundles,resulting in unimpregnated portions, and to thereby improve mechanicalproperties and the isotropy thereof.

CITATION LIST Patent Documents

Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent No. 4161409

Patent Document 2: International Publication WO 2007/097436

Non-Patent Document

Non-Patent Document 1: Composites, Part A 38 (2007) pp.755-770

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Problems that the Invention is to Solve

However, in the conventional-art techniques described above, noinvestigations have been made on a fiber-reinforced composite materialshaped product which is even in mechanical strength, has excellenttensile strength, and has a high development rate of strength relativeto a theoretical strength.

An objective of the invention is to provide a fiber-reinforced compositematerial shaped product which is isotropic and has excellent mechanicalstrength and a random mat for use as an intermediate material therefor.In particular, the invention is to provide a fiber-reinforced compositematerial shaped product which is a fiber-reinforced composite materialshaped product obtained from the random mat and in which thereinforcing-fiber mat included therein has small unevenness ofthickness, is even in mechanical strength, and has excellent tensilestrength and a high development rate of strength.

Means for Solving the Problems

The present inventors have found that a fiber-reinforced compositematerial shaped product which is excellent in terms of mechanicalstrength, isotropy thereof, and strength development can be provided bya random mat which includes both a thermoplastic resin and discontinuousreinforcing fibers having specific values of weight-average fiber width,average-fiber-width dispersion ratio, and weight-average fiberthickness. The invention has been thus completed. More specifically, theinventors have found that by regulating reinforcing fibers so as to besmall and be similar in fiber width, the reinforcing fibers can bedensely incorporated into a random mat and a fiber-reinforced compositematerial shaped product which is even and has excellent mechanicalstrength and a high development rate of strength can be provided.

Namely, the present invention is: a random mat which includesreinforcing fibers having an average fiber length of 3-100 mm and athermoplastic resin, wherein the reinforcing fibers satisfy thefollowing i) to iii); and a fiber-reinforced composite material shapedproduct obtained by shaping the random mat.

-   -   i) The reinforcing fibers have a weight-average fiber width (Ww)        which satisfies the following equation (1).

0 mm<Ww<2.8 mm   (1)

-   -   ii) The reinforcing fibers have an average-fiber-width        dispersion ratio (Ww/Wn) of 1.00 or more and 2.00 or less.    -   iii) The reinforcing fibers have a weight-average fiber        thickness which is smaller than the weight-average fiber width        (Ww) thereof.

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION

According to the invention, in the random mat including a thermoplasticresin and reinforcing fibers, the reinforcing fibers contained thereinhave a specific fiber width distribution. Namely, the random mat of theinvention contains reinforcing fibers which are small and similar infiber width, and is excellent in terms of the development of thereinforcing function of the fibers, is homogeneous, and has excellentmechanical strength. Furthermore, the random mat of the invention isisotropic because the fibers are not aligned in a specific in-planedirection, and shows highly excellent moldability when used as anintermediate molding material.

Consequently, the fiber-reinforced composite material shaped productobtained from the random mat of the invention has excellent mechanicalstrength and is excellent in terms of the isotropy thereof. This shapedcomposite material is hence usable as various constituent members, suchas inside plates, outside plates, and constituent members for motorvehicles, the frames or housings of various electrical products ormachines, or the like.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[FIG. 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic view which illustrates one example ofcutting processes employing a rotary cutter.

[FIG. 2] FIG. 2 is schematic views which diagrammatically illustrate afront view and a cross-sectional view of one example of preferred rotarycutters.

[FIG. 3] FIG. 3 is a schematic view which illustrates a preferredexample of methods for widening/separating fibers.

EMBODIMENTS FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Embodiments of the invention will be explained below in order.Hereinafter, although the term “weight” will be frequently used inrelation to the present invention, the “weight” in each appearance means“mass”.

The present invention relates to a random mat which includes reinforcingfibers having an average fiber length of 3 to 100 mm and a thermoplasticresin, wherein the reinforcing fibers satisfy the following i) to iii).

-   -   i) The reinforcing fibers have a weight-average fiber width (Ww)        which satisfies the following equation (1).

0 mm<Ww<2.8 mm   (1)

-   -   ii) The reinforcing fibers have an average-fiber-width        dispersion ratio (Ww/Wn), which is defined as the ratio of the        weight-average fiber width to a number-average fiber width, of        1.00 to 2.00.    -   iii) The reinforcing fibers have a weight-average fiber        thickness which is smaller than the weight-average fiber width        (Ww) thereof.

The weight-average fiber width (Ww) of the reinforcing fibers containedin the random mat of the invention can be determined using the followingequation (5) from the width (hereinafter sometimes expressed by fiberwidth or W_(i)) and weight (hereinafter sometimes expressed by fiberweight or w_(i)) of each of a sufficiently large number of reinforcingfibers taken out from the random mat (preferably 200 to 1,000 fibers,more preferably 300 to 1,000 fibers, e.g., 300 fibers, taken out from arandom mat piece cut out in a size of 100 mm×100 mm) and from the totalweight (w) of the reinforcing fibers taken out.

Ww=Σ(W _(i) ×w _(i) /w)   (5)

In equation (5), i is a natural number of 1 to the number of thereinforcing fibers taken out from the random mat.

With respect to the random mat of the invention, the weight-averagefiber width (Ww) of the reinforcing fibers is less than 2.8 mm as shownby equation (1), and is preferably less than 2.0 mm. The weight-averagefiber width (Ww) thereof is preferably larger than 0.1 mm and less than2.0 mm, i.e., represented by the following equation (2):

0.1 mm<Ww<2.0 mm   (2)

and is more preferably larger than 0.2 mm and less than 1.6 mm, evenmore preferably larger than 0.2 mm and less than 1.4 mm, and especiallypreferably larger than 0.3 mm and less than 1.2 mm. In case where theweight-average fiber width (Ww) of the reinforcing fibers is 2.8 mm ormore, these reinforcing fibers are not small and are hence difficult todensely incorporate into the random mat. There are hence cases where therandom mat has a problem in that the development of properties(strength) is poor and the random mat has impaired homogeneity. There isno particular lower limit on the weight-average fiber width (Ww) of thereinforcing fibers. However, in the case of widening and separatingreinforcing fibers in order to reduce the Ww to an excessively smallvalue, there is the possibility of resulting, for example, indifficulties in controlling the fiber-width dispersion ratio.

In the random mat of the invention, the average-fiber-width dispersionratio (Ww/Wn), which is defined as the ratio of the weight-average fiberwidth (Ww) to the number-average fiber width (Wn), of the reinforcingfibers contained therein is 1.00 or more and 2.00 or less, and ispreferably 1.30 or more and 1.95 or less, more preferably 1.40 or moreand 1.90 or less. In cases when this average-fiber-width dispersionratio (Ww/Wn; hereinafter often abbreviated simply to “dispersionratio”) is 1.00 or more and 2.00 or less, the reinforcing fibers aresimilar in fiber width and give a random mat which has enhancedhomogeneity and in which the development rate of strength is higher.Meanwhile, the lower limit of the Ww/Wn is 1 because of the definition.Except for, for example, the case where reinforcing fibers arecompletely opened into single fibers, it is necessary, for obtainingreinforcing fibers in which Ww/Wn is exactly 1, to perform an operationsuch as a process in which reinforcing fibers other than the desiredones are sorted out or an operation for precisely regulating and fixingthe fiber width in advance, resulting in exceedingly troublesomeproduction processes. However, the random mat in which Ww/Wn=1 is morepreferred from the standpoint of homogeneity. From the standpoint of theease of operations for processing and sorting reinforcing fibers, theaverage-fiber-width dispersion ratio (Ww/Wn) is preferably higher than1, more preferably 1.30 or higher.

Here, the number-average fiber width (Wn) is determined by taking asufficiently large number (I) of reinforcing fibers out of the randommat in the manner described above with regard to the weight-averagefiber width (Ww), measuring the width (W_(i)) of each of these fibers,and calculating a value of Wn using the following equation (4).

Wn=ΣW _(i) /I   (4)

The reinforcing fibers contained in the random mat of the invention havea weight-average fiber thickness which is smaller than theweight-average fiber width (Ww) thereof. The weight-average fiberthickness thereof is desirably ⅕ or less, preferably 1/10 or less, morepreferably 1/20 or less, even more preferably 1/50 or less, of theweight-average fiber width (Ww) thereof. In case where theweight-average fiber thickness of the reinforcing fibers is equal to theweight-average fiber width (Ww) thereof, these reinforcing fibers areundesirably oriented not only in in-plane directions but also in thethickness direction and there is the possibility of arousing a problemthat fiber entanglements make it difficult to heighten the volumecontent ratio of the reinforcing fibers.

In the invention, of the dimensions along the two directions other thanthe longitudinal direction of a reinforcing fiber, the shorter one isreferred to as “thickness” and the other is referred to as “width”. Inthe case where the dimensions respectively along two perpendiculardirections in a cross-section which is perpendicular to the longitudinaldirection of a reinforcing fiber are equal to each other, the dimensionalong any of the two directions is taken as the width of the reinforcingfiber and the dimension along the other is taken as the thickness of thereinforcing fiber.

The weight-average fiber thickness of the reinforcing fibers containedin the random mat of the invention is preferably 0.01 mm or more and0.30 mm or less, more preferably 0.02 mm or more and 0.20 mm or less,even more preferably 0.03 mm or more and 0.15 mm or less, especiallypreferably 0.03 mm or more and 0.10 mm or less. So long as theweight-average fiber thickness of the reinforcing fibers is 0.01 mm ormore, there is no need of performing fiber widening to an exceedinglylarge width and the resultant unevenness in fiber thickness is apt to beslight. From the standpoint of impregnation with a thermoplastic resinas the matrix, it is preferable that the weight-average fiber thicknessof the reinforcing fibers should be 0.30 mm or less.

Meanwhile the weight-average fiber thickness (t) of the reinforcingfibers can be determined by measuring the fiber thickness (t_(i)) andfiber weight (w_(i)) of each of all reinforcing fibers taken out byconducting the same operation as shown above with regard to theweight-average fiber width (Ww) and further measuring the total weight(w) of the reinforcing fibers taken out, and then calculating a value oft using the following equation (7).

t=Σ(t _(i) ×w _(i) /w)   (7)

Within the plane of the random mat of the invention, the reinforcingfibers are not aligned in any specific direction but have been arrangeddispersedly in random directions. The random mat of the invention is anintermediate material having in-plane isotropy. In the shaped productobtained by processing the random mat of the invention, the isotropy ofthe reinforcing fibers in the random mat is maintained. By obtaining ashaped product from the random mat and determining the tensile-modulusratio between two directions perpendicular to each other, the isotropyof the random mat and that of the shaped product obtained therefrom canbe quantitatively evaluated. In cases when the ratio obtained bydividing the larger one of the values of modulus for the two directionsin the shaped product obtained from the random mat by the smaller onedoes not exceed 2, this shaped product is regarded as isotropic. Incases when that ratio does not exceed 1.3, this shaped product isregarded as having excellent isotropy.

As described above, the random mat of the invention is constituted byincluding: reinforcing fibers having specific values of weight-averagefiber width, average-fiber-width dispersion ratio, and weight-averagefiber thickness; and a thermoplastic resin. It is preferable that therandom mat of the invention be constituted by including: areinforcing-fiber mat constituted by the reinforcing fibers; and athermoplastic resin. The term “reinforcing-fiber mat” in the inventionmeans a planar body (mat-shaped object) which contains no thermoplasticresin as a matrix and is constituted by discontinuous reinforcingfibers. The reinforcing-fiber mat according to the invention may be onein which the reinforcing fibers contain a sizing agent or a binder usedin a small amount during the mat formation. It is preferable that thereinforcing-fiber mat be a mat in which the reinforcing fibers have beenrandomly oriented in in-plane directions and the in-plane longitudinaland transverse directions are substantially equal in material propertyto each other.

The kind of the reinforcing fibers is not particularly limited, and thereinforcing fibers may be of one kind or a mixture of two or more kinds.

With respect to the form of the thermoplastic resin in the random mat ofthe invention, the random mat may be one which includes areinforcing-fiber mat that contains a thermoplastic resin in the form ofa powder, fibers, lumps, or the like, or may be one in which areinforcing-fiber mat is held by a thermoplastic resin as the matrix, ormay be one in which a thermoplastic resin in the form of a sheet, film,or the like has been placed on or layered to a reinforcing-fiber mat.The thermoplastic resin in the random mat may be in a molten state.

It is a matter of course that in cases when the reinforcing-fiber matincluded in the random mat of the invention is examined to determine theweight-average fiber width (Ww), fiber-width dispersion ratio (Ww/Wn),and the like thereof, these values can be regarded as those for therandom mat.

The random mat of the invention as such may be used as a preform inobtaining a shaped fiber-reinforced material (hereinafter often referredto simply as “shaped product”) having a final form. Alternatively, therandom mat may be used in such a manner that the thermoplastic resin isimpregnated by heating, and the like, to obtain a prepreg and thisprepreg is used for obtaining a shaped product having a final form. Therandom mat of the invention includes the prepreg into which thethermoplastic resin is impregnated.

The term “shaped product having a final form” herein means a shapedproduct which has been obtained by pressing and heating either therandom mat or a shaped plate formed therefrom and which has notundergone further heating or pressing (i.e., further molding) formelting the thermoplastic resin as a matrix and imparting another shapeor thickness thereto.

Consequently, a product produced by cutting the shaped product, whichwas obtained by pressing and heating the random mat or the like, intoanother shape or a product obtained by grinding the shaped product toreduce the thickness thereof or by applying a resin or the like to theshaped product to increase the thickness thereof is a shaped producthaving a final form, because such processing involves neither heatingnor pressing. Also, use of heat as a means for cutting or processing isnot regarded as the heating herein.

In the case where the random mat to which a thermoplastic resin in amolten state has been supplied is molded, while keeping the suppliedthermoplastic resin in the molten state, a shaped product is obtained,for example, by molding with pressing alone.

The random mat of the invention as such may be subjected, as a preform,to molding, or may be converted to a shaped plate and then subjected tomolding. A fiber areal weight can be selected from a wide range inaccordance with desired molding. However, the reinforcing-fiber arealweight in the random mat is desirably 25 to 10,000 g/m², preferably 50to 4,000 g/m², more preferably 600 to 3,000 g/m², even more preferably600 to 2,200 g/m².

Since the reinforcing fibers contained in the random mat of theinvention have the specific values of weight-average fiber width,average-fiber-width dispersion ratio, and weight-average fiberthickness, the plane of the random mat includes the fibers which aresmall and similar in size and the reinforcing-fiber mat included in therandom mat has exceedingly low thickness unevenness. Consequently, thefiber-reinforced composite material shaped product obtained by moldingthe random mat is homogeneous and is excellent in terms of thedevelopment of the properties of the reinforcing fibers. As an index tothe thickness unevenness, a coefficient of variation CV (%) can be used.One example of procedures for determining the CV (%) of the thickness ofthe reinforcing-fiber mat included in the random mat is shown below.

First, a square platy specimen having an appropriate size, e.g., 100×100mm, is cut out from the random mat, and the thermoplastic resin isseparated therefrom. This reinforcing-fiber mat is put into a sealablebag, which is depressurized to −0.09 MPa or less. Marks are put, atintervals of 10 mm in a lattice pattern, on the bag with which thespecimen is covered, and the thickness thereof is measure with amicrometer down to the order of 1/1,000 mm. The measurement is made onfive lines×five rows, i.e., on 25 points. The thickness of the bag issubtracted from each measured thickness, and an average value and astandard deviation are calculated. The coefficient of variation CV (%)of the thickness of the reinforcing-fiber mat can be calculated usingthe following expression.

Coefficient of variation CV (%)=[(standard deviation)/(averagevalue)]×100   (3)

In the case where the thermoplastic resin is unable to be separated fromthe random mat, making it impossible to determine the thicknessunevenness of the reinforcing-fiber mat, measurements are made after thethermoplastic resin is removed through heating in the same manner as forfiber-reinforced composite material shaped products which will bedescribed later.

Meanwhile, the degree of thickness unevenness of the reinforcing-fibermat in the random mat is maintained with respect to the reinforcingfibers included in the fiber-reinforced composite material shapedproduct obtained by molding the random mat.

Reinforcing Fibers

The reinforcing fibers contained in the random mat are discontinuous,and are characterized in that the reinforcing function can be exhibiteddue to the inclusion of reinforcing fibers which are long to somedegree. The fiber length is expressed in terms of an average fiberlength determined by measuring the lengths of reinforcing fiberscontained in the random mat obtained. Examples of methods fordetermining the average fiber length include a method in which thelengths of randomly taken out 100 fibers are measured with a verniercaliper or the like down to the order of 1 mm and an average thereof isdetermined.

The average fiber length of the reinforcing fibers in the random mat ofthe invention is 3 mm or more and 100 mm or less, desirably 5 mm or moreand 80 mm or less, preferably 10 mm or more and 80 mm or less, morepreferably 10 mm or more and 60 mm or less, even more preferably 12 mmor more and 45 mm or less. With respect to fiber length distribution,the fibers may have a single length or may be a mixture of two or morekinds of fibers differing in length.

In the case where reinforcing fibers are cut into a fixed length by thepreferred method for reinforcing-fiber cutting which will be describedlater and the cut reinforcing fibers are used to produce a random mat,the average fiber length is equal to the length of the cut fibers.

It is preferable that the reinforcing fibers should be at least one kindof fibers selected from the group consisting of carbon fibers, aramidfibers, and glass fibers. It is preferable that the reinforcing fibersconstituting the random mat should be carbon fibers, from the standpointthat composite materials which are lightweight but and have excellentstrength can be provided therewith. Generally known as the carbon fibersare polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers (hereinafter often abbreviatedto PAN-based carbon fibers), petroleum pitch-based carbon fibers, coalpitch-based carbon fibers, rayon-based carbon fibers, cellulose-basedcarbon fibers, lignin-based carbon fibers, phenol-based carbon fibers,vapor-phase-grown carbon fibers, and the like. In the invention, any ofthese carbon fibers are suitable for use. Especially preferred arePAN-based carbon fibers. One of these kinds of carbon fibers may be usedalone, or a mixture of two or more kinds may be used. The reinforcingfibers to be used in the random mat of the invention may be carbonfibers alone, or may be fibers which include glass fibers, aramidfibers, or other fibers for the purpose of, for example, impartingimpact resistance.

In the case of carbon fibers, the average fiber diameter thereof ispreferably 1 to 50 μm, more preferably 3 to 12 μm, even more preferably5 to 9 μm, still even more preferably 5 to 7 μm.

It is preferable that the carbon fibers to be used should be ones towhich a sizing agent is adherent. The amount of the sizing agent ispreferably larger than 0 part and not larger than 10 parts by weight per100 parts by weight of the carbon fibers.

The reinforcing fibers in the invention may be in the state of beingopened into a single fiber form, or may be in a form of fiber bundleseach made up of a plurality of single fibers put together, or may be ina state in which single fibers coexist with fiber bundles.

Matrix Resin

The matrix resin contained in the random mat of the invention is athermoplastic resin. Examples of the kind of the thermoplastic resininclude one or more resins selected from the group consisting of vinylchloride resins, vinylidene chloride resins, vinyl acetate resins, polyvinyl alcohol resins, polystyrene resins, acrylonitrile-styrene resins(AS resins), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resins (ABS resins),acrylic resins, methacrylic resins, polyethylene resins, polypropyleneresins, polyamide-6 resins, polyamide-11 resins, polyamide-12 resins,polyamide-46 resins, polyamide-66 resins, polyamide-610 resins,polyacetal resins, polycarbonate resins, polyethylene terephthalateresins, polyethylene naphthalate resins, polybutylene naphthalateresins, polybutylene terephthalate resins, polyarylate resins,polyphenylene ether resins, polyphenylene sulfide resins, polysulfoneresins, polyether sulfone resins, polyetheretherketone resins,polylactic acid resins, and the like. In the invention, thesethermoplastic resins may be used alone or as a mixture of two or morethereof, or may be used after having been converted to copolymers ormodifications.

The amount of the matrix resin present, per 100 parts by weight of thereinforcing fibers, is desirably 10 to 800 parts by weight, preferably20 to 300 parts by weight, more preferably 20 to 200 parts by weight,even more preferably 30 to 150 parts by weight, especially preferably 50to 100 parts by weight.

The relationship between the content of the reinforcing fibers and thatof the thermoplastic resin can be expressed also by the volume contentratio of reinforcing fibers (hereinafter often abbreviated to Vf)defined by the following expression.

Volume content ratio of reinforcing fibers (vol %)=100×[(volume ofreinforcing fibers)/[(volume of reinforcing fibers)+(volume ofthermoplastic resin)]]

This volume content ratio of reinforcing fibers (Vf) and the content ofthe thermoplastic resin, which is expressed in terms of parts by weightper 100 parts by weight of the reinforcing fibers, are converted usingthe density of the reinforcing fibers and the density of thethermoplastic resin.

The random mat of the invention may contain any of various fibrous,including organic fibers or inorganic fibers, or non-fibrous fillers,and additives such as a flame retardant, UV resistance improver,pigment, release agent, softener, plasticizer, and surfactant, so longas these ingredients do not depart from the purposes of the invention.

Fiber-reinforced composite material shaped product

The random mat of the invention further has the advantage of having highformability since the constituent reinforcing fibers have the featuresdescribed above. The random mat of the invention can hence beadvantageously used as an intermediate material for obtaining afiber-reinforced composite material shaped product.

Namely, the present invention involves, as one aspect of the invention,a fiber-reinforced composite material shaped product obtained from therandom mat.

It is preferable that the fiber-reinforced composite material shapedproduct of the invention includes reinforcing fibers having an averagefiber length of 3 to 100 mm and a thermoplastic resin, wherein thereinforcing fibers satisfy the following i) to iii).

-   -   i) The reinforcing fibers have a weight-average fiber width (Ww)        which satisfies the following equation (1).

0 mm<Ww<2.8 mm   (1)

-   -   ii) The reinforcing fibers have a dispersion ratio (Ww/Wn),        which is defined as the ratio of the weight-average fiber width        (Ww) to a number-average fiber width (Wn), of 1.00 or more and        2.00 or less.    -   iii) The reinforcing fibers have a weight-average fiber        thickness which is smaller than the weight-average fiber width        (Ww) thereof.

The thickness of the fiber-reinforced composite material shaped productof the invention may be regulated to a value within an appropriate rangepreferably by controlling the areal weight of the reinforcing fiberscontained and the content of the thermoplastic resin.

The kind of the reinforcing fibers constituting the fiber-reinforcedcomposite material shaped product of the invention is not particularlylimited, and preferred examples thereof include the fibers enumeratedabove in the section Reinforcing Fibers in the explanation of the randommat.

The kind of the resin constituting the fiber-reinforced compositematerial shaped product of the invention is not particularly limited,and preferred examples thereof include the resins enumerated above inthe section Matrix Resin in the explanation of the random mat.

The content of the thermoplastic resin present in the fiber-reinforcedcomposite material shaped product of the invention, per 100 parts byweight of the reinforcing fibers, is desirably 10 to 800 parts byweight, preferably 20 to 300 parts by weight, more preferably 20 to 200parts by weight, even more preferably 30 to 150 parts by weight,especially preferably 50 to 100 parts by weight, as stated above inrelation to the amount of the thermoplastic resin in the random mat.

The shape of the fiber-reinforced composite material shaped productaccording to the invention is not particularly limited. The shapethereof may be the shape of a sheet or plate and may have a curvedportion, or may be one having a standing plane such as one having aT-shaped, L-shaped, U-shaped, or hat-shaped cross-section. Furthermore,the shaped product may have a three-dimensional shape including these.

The fiber-reinforced composite material shaped product of the inventioncan be made to have a wall thickness selected from a wide range, e.g., awall thickness of 0.2 to 100 mm. However, even when the shaped producthas a smaller wall thickness, the properties and appearance thereof canbe rendered highly excellent. Specifically, the wall thickness of theshaped product can be 0.2 to 2.0 mm (in terms of wall thickness measuredat 25° C. if strict definition is necessary).

The reinforcing-fiber areal weight in the fiber-reinforced compositematerial shaped product is preferably 25 to 10,000 g/m², preferably 50to 4,000 g/m², more preferably 600 to 3,000 g/m², even more preferably600 to 2,200 g/m².

The present invention furthermore includes a layered body in which atleast one fiber-reinforced composite material shaped product of theinvention is used as a core material or as a skin layer. The layeredbody of the invention may further contain at least one unidirectionallyfiber-reinforced composite material, in which continuous reinforcingfibers are arranged so as to be unidirectionally aligned, as a corematerial or a skin layer. Furthermore, the layered body of the inventionmay contain, as a core material or a skin layer, at least onefiber-reinforced composite material shaped product (hereinafter,referred to as “other fiber-reinforced composite material shapedproduct(s)”) other than the fiber-reinforced composite material shapedproduct of the invention and other than unidirectionallyfiber-reinforced composite materials. The layered body of the inventionmay still further contain at least one resin including no reinforcingfibers, as a core material or a skin layer.

The matrix resins of the unidirectionally fiber-reinforced compositematerial and of the other fiber-reinforced composite material shapedproduct and the resin including no reinforcing fibers may be eitherthermosetting resins or thermoplastic resins.

Since the fiber-reinforced composite material shaped product of theinvention is one in which the reinforcing fibers contained therein havespecific values of weight-average fiber width, average-fiber-widthdispersion ratio, and weight-average fiber thickness, thereinforcing-fiber mat contained therein has extremely low thicknessunevenness. As an index to the thickness unevenness, a coefficient ofvariation CV (%) can be used.

One example of procedures for determining the CV (%) of thereinforcing-fiber mat contained in the fiber-reinforced compositematerial shaped product is shown below.

First, a specimen having an appropriate size, e.g., 100 mm×100 mm, iscut out from the shaped product of a flat plate shape, and this specimenis heated in an oven at about 500° C. for about 1 hour to remove theresin. Dimensions of this specimen from which the resin has been removedare measured, and the test specimen is placed on a smooth flat plate.Thereafter, the flat plate on which the specimen is placed is put into asealable bag, and the thickness is measured on 25 points in the mannerdescribed above with regard to the determination of the thicknessunevenness of the reinforcing-fiber mat contained in the random mat. Thethickness of both the bag and the flat plate is subtracted from each ofthese measured thickness values. From the resultant net thickness valuesof the specimen, the coefficient of variation of the thickness of thereinforcing fibers in the fiber-reinforced composite material shapedproduct can be determined using equation (3). Meanwhile, the degree ofthickness unevenness of the reinforcing-fiber mat in thefiber-reinforced composite material shaped product also is maintainedfrom those of the random mat.

Process for Producing the Random Mat

A preferred process for producing the random mat of the inventionincludes the following processes 1 to 4.

-   -   1. Process for cutting reinforcing fibers (cutting process)    -   2. Process in which the cut reinforcing fibers are introduced        into a tube, conveyed with air, and sprayed (spraying process)    -   3. Process in which the sprayed reinforcing fibers are fixed to        obtain a reinforcing-fiber mat (fixing process)    -   4. Process in which a thermoplastic resin is added to the        reinforcing-fiber mat to obtain a random mat        (thermoplastic-resin addition process)

Cutting Process

The process of cutting reinforcing fibers is described. Preferred as thereinforcing fibers to be cut are the so-called strands, which are in theform of bundles of long single fibers, because the strands are easilyavailable and handleable. The cutting of reinforcing fibers preferablyis the process of cutting the reinforcing fibers using a knife, e.g., arotary cutter. One example of the cutting process using a rotary cutteris shown in FIG. 1. The knife angle for continuously cutting thereinforcing fibers is not particularly limited. General blades arrangedat an angle of 90 degrees with the fibers may be used, or obliquelyarranged blades or spirally arranged blades may be used. An example ofrotary cutters having spiral knives is shown in FIG. 2.

Since the random mat of the invention is characterized in that thereinforcing fibers have a controlled small size as described above, itis preferred to control the size such as fiber width and fiberthickness, of the reinforcing fibers to be subjected to the cuttingprocess, by any of the widening methods and separating methods describedbelow (see FIG. 3 as well).

Methods for widening the fibers are not particularly limited. Examplesthereof include a method in which a widening spreader such as a convexpin is pushed against the fibers, a method in which an air flow ispassed in a direction crossing the running direction of the fibers,thereby bending the fibers so as to arch leeward, and a method in whichthe fibers are vibrated. It is preferable that the widened reinforcingfibers should be regulated so as to have a desired fiber width byproviding, at a later stage, a control roller for regulating the fiberwidth.

It is also preferable, in the production of the random mat of theinvention, that the reinforcing fibers which have been thus widenedshould be separated so as to result in a smaller reinforcing-fiberwidth.

Methods for separating the fibers are not particularly limited, andexamples thereof include a method in which the strand is divided intothin bundles with a slitter. In the case of separating the fibers usinga slitter, a suitable method for obtaining fibers having a desired fiberwidth is to regulate the slit spacing. Furthermore, with respect toslitting blades, a more preferred method for controlling fiber width isto pass the reinforcing fibers having a certain fiber width throughknife-shaped slitting blades, thereby splitting the fibers, or to passthose reinforcing fibers through comb-shaped slitter to sort the fibers.It is also possible to select a sizing agent for the reinforcing fibersand separate the reinforcing fibers, thereby making it easy to obtainreinforcing fibers having a desired average number of fibers.

By conducting fiber separating subsequently to fiber widening in themanner described above, the reinforcing fibers can be controlled so asto be small and be similar in fiber width. Consequently, the reinforcingfibers contained in the random mat show excellent development of thereinforcing function, and the random mat obtained has improvedhomogeneity, reduced thickness unevenness, and excellent mechanicalstrength.

Spraying Process

Subsequently, a process is conducted in which the cut reinforcing fibersare introduced into a tapered tube located at a downstream side from thecutter and are sprayed. Methods for conveying the reinforcing fibers tothe tapered tube are not particularly limited. It is, however, preferredto generate a suction wind velocity within the tapered tube to conveythe reinforcing fibers into the tapered tube by air.

It is also preferable that in the spraying process, compressed air bedirectly blown against the reinforcing fibers to thereby suitably widenthe distribution of reinforcing-fiber widths. The width of thedistribution may be controlled by regulating the pressure of thecompressed air being blown.

It is preferable that the conveyed reinforcing fibers should be sprayedon a breathable sheet arranged under a spray apparatus. Also from thestandpoint of the fixing process described below, it is preferred tospray the reinforcing fibers on a movable breathable sheet having asuction mechanism.

In the spraying process, the cut reinforcing fibers may be sprayed on asheet simultaneously with a fibrous or powder thermoplastic resin. Thismethod is suitable for obtaining a random mat including both reinforcingfibers and a thermoplastic resin.

Fixing Process

Subsequently, the sprayed reinforcing fibers are fixed to obtain areinforcing-fiber mat. Specifically, a preferred method is to fix thesprayed reinforcing fibers by suctioning air from under the breathablesheet and thereby obtain a reinforcing-fiber mat. Also even in the casewhere a fibrous or powder thermoplastic resin is sprayed simultaneouslywith the reinforcing fibers, the thermoplastic resin is fixed togetherwith the reinforcing fibers. This processing in the fixing process maybe conducted in the spraying process successively to the spraying of thereinforcing fibers, or the like.

Thermoplastic-Resin Addition Process

The thermoplastic-resin addition process may be conducted simultaneouslywith processes 1 to 3 described above. For example, a thermoplasticresin in a powder or another form may be sprayed in the sprayingprocess. In the case where a reinforcing-fiber mat has been producedwithout adding a thermoplastic resin during processes 1 to 3 describedabove, a thermoplastic resin in the form of a sheet, film, or the likecan be placed on or layered to the reinforcing-fiber mat to obtain arandom mat of the invention. In this case, the thermoplastic resin inthe form of a sheet or a film may be in a molten state.

Meanwhile, a thermoplastic resin in the form of a sheet, film, powder,or the like may be placed on or layered to the random mat obtainedthrough the spraying of a thermoplastic resin in a powder or anotherform in the spraying process, as in the case described above.

Manufacture of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Material Shaped Product

A fiber-reinforced composite material shaped product can be obtained bymolding the random mat of the invention. Examples of methods forobtaining the fiber-reinforced composite material shaped product includea method in which the random mat obtained in the manner described aboveis heated and pressed with a pressing machine or the like to obtain theshaped product. Although there are no particular limitations on methodsfor obtaining the fiber-reinforced composite material shaped product ofthe invention, a suitable method for obtaining the shaped product is tomold the random mat by, for example, vacuum forming, hydraulic forming,hot pressing, or cold pressing. A suitable method, among these, forobtaining the fiber-reinforced composite material shaped product of theinvention is molding by cold pressing in which the random mat is heatedto or above the melting point or glass transition point of thethermoplastic resin contained therein and is then sandwiched betweenmolds kept at a temperature not higher than the melting point or glasstransition point of the resin, thereby obtaining a shape.

It is preferable, in the molding of the random mat, that the random matshould have been heated in advance to a temperature which is the meltingpoint or more of the thermoplastic resin as a matrix in cases when theresin is crystalline, or which is the glass transition point or more ofthe thermoplastic resin in cases when the resin is amorphous, and whichis preferably not higher than the decomposition point of thethermoplastic resin. The pressing medium may have been regulated so asto have a temperature of the melting point or more or glass transitionpoint or more, of the thermoplastic resin as a matrix, or may have beenregulated so as to have a temperature of the melting point or less orglass transition point or less thereof. Furthermore, by suitably addinga thermoplastic resin during the molding, fiber-reinforced compositematerial shaped products which differ in thickness depending on purposescan be obtained. The thermoplastic resin to be added is not particularlylimited, and examples thereof include the same thermoplastic resins asthose enumerated above in the section Matrix Resin. With respect to theform of the resin also, use can be made of a molten resin or a resin inthe form of fibers, powder, film, or the like.

These random mats of the invention as such may be used as preforms, ormay be converted to shaped plates and then to shaped products having afinal form.

EXAMPLES

Examples are shown below, but the invention should not be construed asbeing limited to the following Examples. With respect to reinforcingfibers and specimens thereof, the units of fiber length, fiber width,and fiber thickness are mm and the unit of weight is g, unless otherwiseindicated. The densities of the carbon fibers and thermoplastic resinsused in the following Examples and Comparative Examples are as follows.

-   -   PAN-based carbon fibers “Tenax” (registered trademark)        STS40-24K: 1.75 g/cm³    -   PAN-based carbon fibers “Tenax” (registered trademark)        IMS60-24K: 1.80 g/cm³    -   PAN-based carbon fibers “Tenax” (registered trademark)        HTS40-12K: 1.76 g/cm³    -   PAN-based carbon fibers “Tenax” (registered trademark)        UTS50-24K: 1.79 g/cm³    -   PAN-based carbon fibers “Tenax” (registered trademark) HTS40-6K:        1.76 g/cm³    -   Polypropylene: 0.91 g/cm³    -   Polycarbonate: 1.20 g/cm³    -   Polyamide-6: 1.14 g/cm³

Method for Determining Number-Average Fiber Width and Weight-averageFiber Width of Reinforcing Fibers in Random Mat

The random mat is cut into 100 mm x 100 mm, and 300 reinforcing fibersare randomly taken out with a tweezers. With respect to the reinforcingfibers taken out, the fiber width (W_(i)), fiber weight (w_(i)), andfiber thickness (t_(i)) of each fiber are measured and recorded. For themeasurements of fiber width and fiber thickness, a vernier calipercapable of measuring down to 1/100 mm is used. For weight measurement, abalance capable of measuring down to 1/100 mg is used. With respect toreinforcing fibers which were too small to measure the weight thereof,reinforcing fibers having the same fiber width were put together andweighed. In the case where two or more kinds of reinforcing fibers areused, the fibers are sorted by kinds, and the measurement and evaluationare made for each kind.

After the measurements of fiber width (W_(i)) and fiber weight (w_(i))with respect to all the fibers taken out, the number-average fiber width(Wn) is determined using the following equation (4).

Wn=ΣW _(i) /I   (4)

I is the number of reinforcing fibers, and the value thereof is 300except for the case where the number of the fibers is less than 300.

Furthermore, the weight-average fiber width (Ww) of the reinforcingfibers is determined from the total weight (w) of the reinforcing fibersusing the following equation (5).

Ww=Σ(W _(i) ×w _(i) /w)   (5)

In cases when the reinforcing fibers are unable to be separated from thethermoplastic resin to raise difficulties in the measurements, thethermoplastic resin is removed, for example, by heating the random mat,for example, at 500° C. for about 1 hour and the measurements arethereafter performed.

Method for Determining Dispersion Ratio (Ww/Wn) of Reinforcing Fibers

The average-fiber-width dispersion ratio (Ww/Wn) is determined from thenumber-average fiber width (Wn) and weight-average fiber width (Ww) ofthe reinforcing fibers obtained, using the following equation (6).

Average-fiber-width dispersion ratio (Ww/Wn)=(weight-average fiber width(Ww))/(number-average fiber width (Wn))   (6)

Method for Determining Weight-average Fiber Thickness of ReinforcingFibers in Random Mat

All the reinforcing fibers taken out are subjected to measurements offiber thickness (t_(i)) and fiber weight (w_(i)) in the manner describedabove, and the weight-average fiber thickness (t) is thereafterdetermined using the following equation (7).

t=Σ(t _(i) ×w _(i) /w)   (7)

Method for Determining Number-Average Fiber Width and Weight-averageFiber Width of Reinforcing Fibers in Fiber-reinforced composite materialshaped product

The average fiber widths of the reinforcing fibers in thefiber-reinforced composite material shaped product are determined bycutting the shaped composite material into 100 mm×100 mm, heating thecut piece in an oven at 500° C. for about 1 hour to remove the resin,subsequently taking out fibers in the same manner as for the random mat,and measuring the fiber width (W_(i)), fiber weight (w_(i)), and thelike.

Method for Determining Average Fiber Length L in Reinforcing-Fiber Mator Random Mat

A hundred reinforcing fibers are randomly taken out from thereinforcing-fiber mat or random mat using a tweezers, and the fiberlength L_(i) of each reinforcing fiber is measured using a verniercaliper down to 1 mm and recorded. It is preferable that the area overwhich reinforcing fibers are taken out should be sufficiently large ascompared with the fiber lengths.

From the individual fiber lengths L_(i) obtained, the average fiberlength L is determined using the following expression.

L=ΣL _(i)/100

In cases when the reinforcing fibers are unable to be separated from thethermoplastic resin to raise difficulties in the measurements, thethermoplastic resin is removed, for example, by heating the random mat,for example, at 500° C. for about 1 hour and the measurements arethereafter performed.

Method for Determining Thickness Unevenness of Reinforcing-Fiber Mat inRandom Mat

The coefficient of variation CV of the thickness of thereinforcing-fiber mat in the random mat was calculated in the followingmanner, and the thickness unevenness was evaluated on the basis of theresults. The higher the coefficient of variation CV (%) is, the largerthe thickness unevenness of the fibers is.

Meanwhile, in cases when the thermoplastic resin is unable to beseparated from the random mat, making it impossible to determine thethickness unevenness of the reinforcing-fiber mat, the thermoplasticresin is removed by heating in the same manner as for thefiber-reinforced composite material shaped product described below andthe measurement is thereafter performed.

-   -   1) The random mat is cut into 100 mm×100 mm, and the        thermoplastic resin is separated. The reinforcing-fiber mat is        put into a sealable bag, which is depressurized to −0.09 MPa or        less.    -   2) Marks are put on the bag at intervals of 10 mm in a lattice        pattern, and the thickness is measured with a micrometer down to        1/1,000 mm. The measurement is made on five lines×five rows,        i.e., on 25 points.    -   3) The thickness of the bag is subtracted from each measured        thickness, and an average value and a standard deviation are        calculated. The coefficient of variation CV of the fiber        thickness is calculated using the following expression.

Coefficient of variation CV (%)=[(standard deviation)/(averagevalue)]×100   (3)

Method for Determining Thickness Unevenness of Reinforcing-Fiber Mat inFiber-Reinforced Composite Material Shaped Product

In the case where the reinforcing-fiber mat of the fiber-reinforcedcomposite material shaped product is evaluated for thickness unevenness,the fiber-reinforced composite material shaped product of a flat plateshape is cut into 100 mm×100 mm, and this cut piece is heated in an ovenat 500° C. for about 1 hour to remove the thermoplastic resin.Thereafter, dimensions of the resultant mat are measured in the samemanner and placed on a smooth flat plate. Subsequently, the each flatplate is put into a sealable bag and thickness measurement is conductedon 25 points in the same manner as for the random mat, except that thethicknesses of both the bag and the flat plate are subtracted from eachmeasurement thickness. Thus, the coefficient of variation CV of thethickness was determined.

Evaluation of the Degree of Impregnation with Thermoplastic Resin inFiber-reinforced Composite Material Shaped Product (Shaped Plate)

The degree of impregnation in the fiber-reinforced composite materialshaped product (shaped plate) is evaluated through an ultrasonic flawdetection test. The degree of impregnation was evaluated by conducting aflaw detection test with an ultrasonic flaw detection imaging device(SDS-WIN; Krautkramer Japan Co., Ltd.) under the conditions of aflaw-detector frequency of 5 MHz and a scanning pitch of 2.0 mm×2.0 mm.In the evaluation, a cross-section of a portion where the reflected-waveintensity was 90% or higher was subjected to a microscopic examinationto ascertain that there were no defects or voids therein. The larger thearea proportion of portions having a high reflected-wave intensity (70%or higher in the Examples) in the flaw detection test is, the denser theinner part of the shaped plate is and the higher the degree ofimpregnation with the thermoplastic resin in the shaped plate is.Meanwhile, the larger the area proportion of portions having a lowreflected-wave intensity (50% or less in the Examples) is, the largerthe amount of fine voids present in the inner part of the shaped plateis and the larger the amount of unimpregnated portions in the shapedplate is.

Tensile Test

Test pieces were cut out of the fiber-reinforced composite materialshaped product (shaped plate) using a water jet and examined for tensilestrength and tensile modulus in reference to JIS K 7164 using auniversal testing machine manufactured by Instron Corp. The shape of thetest pieces was type 1B-B. The chuck-to-chuck distance was 115 mm, andthe test speed was 10 mm/min. The test pieces were cut out along anarbitrary direction (0-degree direction) and along the directionperpendicular thereto (90-degree direction), and the tensile strengthand tensile modulus were measured for each in the two directions. Withrespect to the tensile modulus, the ratio (Eδ) obtained by dividing thelarger value by the smaller value was calculated.

Calculation of Development Rate of Property relative to TheoreticalStrength

The development rate of property (%) relative to a theoretical value wasdetermined from the tensile strength of the shaped plate obtained in themanner described above and from the tensile strength of the reinforcingfibers (carbon fibers) included in the shaped plate, through thefollowing calculation.

Development rate of property (%)=[(tensile strength of shapedproduct)/(theoretical strength of shaped product)]×100

Here, the theoretical strength of the shaped product was determined fromthe tensile strength (F_(f)) of the reinforcing fibers contained in theshaped product, the breaking stress (σ_(m)) of the matrix resin, thevolume content ratio (Vf) of the reinforcing fibers, and the coefficientof orientation (η_(θ)) of the fibers on the basis of a law of mixtureregarding the strength of composite materials, using the followingexpression.

Theoretical strength of shaped product (MPa)=(η_(θ) ×F _(f)×Vf)+σ_(m)(1−Vf)

(Here, the coefficient of orientation η_(θ) was used η_(θ)=⅜, which isthe value for in-plane random orientation.)

Example 1

As reinforcing fibers, PAN-based carbon fiber strand “Tenax” (registeredtrademark) STS40-24K (fiber diameter, 7.0 μm; fiber width 10 mm; tensilestrength, 4,000 MPa), manufactured by Toho Tenax Co., Ltd., wassubjected to fiber widening to increase the width thereof to 22 mm.Before being subjected to treatment with a separation apparatus, thewidened reinforcing-fiber strand was passed through rollers having aninner width of 20 mm to thereby regulate the fiber width precisely to 20mm. Disk-shaped separation blades made of a cemented carbide were usedas the separation apparatus to slit the 20 mm-wide reinforcing-fiberstrand at intervals of 0.8 mm. Furthermore, a rotary cutter made of acemented carbide and equipped with blades at intervals of 20 mm was usedas a cutting device to cut the slit strand so as to result in a fiberlength of 20 mm. A tapered tube was arranged just under the rotarycutter. Compressed air was supplied into this tapered tube to therebyintroduce the reinforcing fibers into the tapered tube and convey thefibers therethrough at a suction wind velocity of 5 m/sec. Polypropylene(J-106G, manufactured by Prime Polymer Co., Ltd.) which had beenpulverized and classified so as to have an average particle diameter of500 μm was supplied as a matrix resin through the sidewall of thetapered tube. Subsequently, a movable conveyor net was arranged underthe outlet of the tapered tube, and the reinforcing fibers were suppliedthereto from the tapered tube while conducting suction with a blowerarranged under the net, thereby obtaining a random mat having a fiberareal weight of 1,500 g/m². The form of the reinforcing fibers in therandom mat was examined and, as a result, it was found that the fiberaxes of the reinforcing fibers were substantially parallel to a plane ofthe random mat and the reinforcing fibers were randomly dispersed in theplane.

In the random mat obtained, the reinforcing fibers had an average fiberlength of 20 mm and a weight-average fiber thickness of 0.06 mm. Thereinforcing fibers constituting the random mat had a weight-averagefiber width (Ww) of 0.66 mm, a number-average fiber width (Wn) of 0.43mm, and a dispersion ratio (Ww/Wn) of 1.52.

The random mat obtained was heated at 4.0 MPa for 10 minutes with apressing device heated at 220° C., thereby obtaining a shaped platehaving a thickness of 1.9 mm. The shaped plate obtained was evaluatedfor the thickness unevenness of the reinforcing-fiber mat. As a result,the coefficient of variation CV of the thickness was found to be 6.4%.Furthermore, the ultrasonic flaw detection test was conducted and, as aresult, portions in which the reflected-wave intensity was 70% or higherwere observed in a ratio of 80% or more.

In the shaped plate obtained, the volume content ratio of thereinforcing fibers was 45 vol %. The shaped plate was evaluated fortensile property in accordance with JIS 7164 and, as a result, theshaped plate was found to have a tensile strength of 490 MPa, adevelopment rate of properties relative to theoretical strength of 73%,and a tensile modulus ratio between 0-degree direction and 90-degreedirection of 1.06.

Example 2

As reinforcing fibers, PAN-based carbon fiber strand “Tenax” (registeredtrademark) IMS60-24K (fiber diameter, 5.0 μm; fiber width 10 mm; tensilestrength, 5,800 MPa), manufactured by Toho Tenax Co., Ltd., wassubjected to fiber widening to increase the width thereof to 26 mm.Before being subjected to treatment with a separation apparatus, thewidened reinforcing-fiber strand was passed through rollers having aninner width of 25 mm to thereby regulate the fiber width precisely to 25mm. Disk-shaped separation blades made of a cemented carbide were usedas the separation apparatus to slit the 25 mm-wide reinforcing-fiberstrand at intervals of 1.4 mm. Furthermore, a rotary cutter made of acemented carbide and equipped with blades at intervals of 45 mm was usedas a cutting device to cut the slit strand so as to result in a fiberlength of 45 mm. A tapered tube was arranged just under the rotarycutter. Compressed air was supplied into this tapered tube to therebyintroduce the reinforcing fibers into the tapered tube and convey thefibers therethrough at a suction wind velocity of 5 m/sec. Apolycarbonate (“Panlite” (registered trademark) L-1225Y, manufactured byTeijin Chemicals Ltd.) which had been pulverized and classified so as tohave an average particle diameter of 500 μm was supplied as a matrixresin through the sidewall of the tapered tube. Subsequently, a movableconveyor net was arranged under the outlet of the tapered tube, and thereinforcing fibers were supplied thereto from the tapered tube whileconducting suction with a blower arranged under the net, therebyobtaining a random mat having a fiber areal weight of 2,500 g/m². Theform of the reinforcing fibers in the random mat was examined and, as aresult, it was found that the fiber axes of the reinforcing fibers weresubstantially parallel with a plane of the random mat and thereinforcing fibers were randomly dispersed in the plane.

In the random mat obtained, the reinforcing fibers had an average fiberlength of 45 mm and a weight-average fiber thickness of 0.05 mm. Thereinforcing fibers constituting the random mat had a weight-averagefiber width (Ww) of 1.25 mm, a number-average fiber width (Wn) of 0.69mm, and a dispersion ratio (Ww/Wn) of 1.80.

The random mat obtained was heated at 4.0 MPa for 10 minutes with apressing device heated at 300° C., thereby obtaining a shaped platehaving a thickness of 4.0 mm. The shaped plate obtained was evaluatedfor the thickness unevenness of the reinforcing-fiber mat. As a result,the coefficient of variation CV of the thickness was found to be 9.0%.Furthermore, the ultrasonic flaw detection test was conducted and, as aresult, portions in which the reflected-wave intensity was 70% or higherwere observed in a ratio of 80% or more.

In the shaped plate obtained, the volume content ratio of thereinforcing fibers was 35 vol %. The shaped plate was evaluated fortensile property in accordance with JIS 7164 and, as a result, theshaped plate was found to have a tensile strength of 540 MPa, adevelopment rate of properties relative to theoretical strength of 71%,and a tensile modulus ratio between 0-degree direction and 90-degreedirection of 1.07.

Example 3

As reinforcing fibers, PAN-based carbon fiber strand “Tenax” (registeredtrademark) STS40-24K (fiber diameter, 7.0 μm; fiber width 10 mm; tensilestrength, 4,000 MPa), manufactured by Toho Tenax Co., Ltd., wassubjected to fiber widening to increase the width thereof to 16 mm.Before being subjected to treatment with a separation apparatus, thewidened reinforcing-fiber strand was passed through rollers having aninner width of 15 mm to thereby regulate the fiber width precisely to 15mm. Disk-shaped separation blades made of a cemented carbide were usedas the separation apparatus to slit the 15 mm-wide reinforcing-fiberstrand at intervals of 0.5 mm. Furthermore, a rotary cutter made of acemented carbide and equipped with blades at intervals of 12 mm was usedas a cutting device to cut the slit strand so as to result in a fiberlength of 12 mm. A tube having a small hole was prepared as a sprayapparatus, and compressed air was supplied thereto using a compressor.In this stage, the velocity of the wind discharged through the smallhole was 50 m/sec. Furthermore, a tapered tube was arranged under thespray apparatus. Subsequently, a movable conveyor net was arranged underthe outlet of the tapered tube, and the reinforcing fibers were suppliedthereto from the tapered tube while conducting suction with a blowerarranged under the net, thereby obtaining a reinforcing-fiber mat havinga fiber areal weight of 700 g/m². The form of the reinforcing fibers inthe reinforcing-fiber mat was examined and, as a result, it was foundthat the fiber axes of the reinforcing fibers were substantiallyparallel to a plane of the random mat and the reinforcing fibers wererandomly dispersed in the plane.

Subsequently, a molten matrix resin was supplied to the surface of themat. Specifically, a polyamide-6 resin (A1030, manufactured by Unichika,Ltd.) was used as a matrix resin and melted, and the molten resin of afilm shape having a thickness of 0.6 mm was extruded, at the same speedas the conveyor line speed, from a T-die having a width of 1 m andarranged over the conveyor net at a distance of 5 cm therefrom and wassupplied to the whole surface of the mat. In this operation, thatportion of the surface of the reinforcing-fiber mat to which the resinwas being supplied was heated with an infrared ray heater to prevent theresin from cooling and solidifying.

The apparatus was operated under such conditions that thereinforcing-fiber supply amount was set at 1,400 g/min and thematrix-resin supply amount was set at 1,360 g/min. As a result, a randommat constituted by the reinforcing fibers and the thermoplastic resinwas formed on the fixing net. Subsequently, this mat was heated andpressed with a pair of heating rollers having a set temperature of 280°C., thereby obtaining a random mat in which the resin was evenlyimpregnated.

In the random mat obtained, the reinforcing fibers had an average fiberlength of 12 mm and a weight-average fiber thickness of 0.06 mm. Thereinforcing fibers constituting the random mat had a weight-averagefiber width (Ww) of 0.32 mm, a number-average fiber width (Wn) of 0.16mm, and a dispersion ratio (Ww/Wn) of 1.96.

The random mat obtained was heated at 4.0 MPa for 10 minutes with apressing device heated at 260° C., thereby obtaining a shaped platehaving a thickness of 1.0 mm.

The shaped plate obtained was evaluated for the thickness unevenness ofthe reinforcing-fiber mat. As a result, the coefficient of variation CVof the thickness was found to be 6.8%. Furthermore, the ultrasonic flawdetection test was conducted and, as a result, portions in which thereflected-wave intensity was 70% or higher were observed in a ratio of80% or more.

In the shaped plate obtained, the volume content ratio of thereinforcing fibers was 40 vol %. The shaped plate was evaluated fortensile property in accordance with JIS 7164 and, as a result, theshaped plate was found to have a tensile strength of 440 MPa, adevelopment rate of properties relative to theoretical strength of 73%,and a tensile modulus ratio between 0-degree direction and 90-degreedirection of 1.04.

Example 4

As reinforcing fibers, PAN-based carbon fiber strand “Tenax” (registeredtrademark) HTS40-12K (fiber diameter 7.0 μm; fiber width 8 mm; tensilestrength, 4,200 MPa), manufactured by Toho Tenax Co., Ltd., wassubjected to fiber widening to increase the width thereof to 16 mm.Before being subjected to treatment with a separation apparatus, thewidened reinforcing-fiber strand was passed through rollers having aninner width of 15 mm to thereby regulate the fiber width precisely to 15mm. Disk-shaped separation blades made of a cemented carbide were usedas the separation apparatus to slit the 15 mm-wide reinforcing-fiberstrand at intervals of 0.5 mm. Furthermore, a rotary cutter made of acemented carbide and equipped with blades at intervals of 15 mm was usedas a cutting device to cut the slit strand so as to result in a fiberlength of 15 mm. A tapered tube was arranged just under the rotarycutter. Compressed air was supplied into this tapered tube to introducethe fibers into the tapered tube and convey the fibers therethrough at asuction wind velocity of 5 m/sec. A polycarbonate (“Panlite” (registeredtrademark) L-1225Y, manufactured by Teijin Chemicals Ltd.) which werepulverized and classified so as to have an average particle diameter of500 μm was supplied as a matrix resin through the sidewall of thetapered tube. Subsequently, a movable conveyor net was arranged underthe outlet of the tapered tube, and the reinforcing fibers were suppliedthereto from the tapered tube while conducting suction with a blowerarranged under the net, thereby obtaining a random mat having a fiberareal weight of 2,640 g/m². The form of the reinforcing fibers in therandom mat was examined and, as a result, it was found that the fiberaxes of the reinforcing fibers were substantially parallel to a plane ofthe random mat and the reinforcing fibers were randomly dispersed in theplane.

In the random mat obtained, the reinforcing fibers had an average fiberlength of 15 mm and a weight-average fiber thickness of 0.04 mm. Thereinforcing fibers constituting the random mat had a weight-averagefiber width (Ww) of 0.47 mm, a number-average fiber width (Wn) of 0.36mm, and a dispersion ratio (Ww/Wn) of 1.31.

The random mat obtained was heated at 4.0 MPa for 10 minutes with apressing device heated at 300° C., thereby obtaining a shaped platehaving a thickness of 3.0 mm. The shaped plate obtained was evaluatedfor the thickness unevenness of the reinforcing-fiber mat. As a result,the coefficient of variation CV of the thickness was found to be 5.6%.Furthermore, the ultrasonic flaw detection test was conducted and, as aresult, portions in which the reflected-wave intensity was 70% or higherwere observed in a ratio of 80% or more.

In the shaped plate obtained, the volume content ratio of thereinforcing fibers was 50 vol %. The shaped plate was evaluated fortensile property in accordance with JIS 7164 and, as a result, theshaped plate was found to have a tensile strength of 585 MPa, adevelopment rate of properties relative to theoretical strength of 74%,and a tensile modulus ratio between 0-degree direction and 90-degreedirection of 1.04.

Comparative Example 1

As reinforcing fibers, PAN-based carbon fiber strand “Tenax” (registeredtrademark) HTS40-12K (fiber diameter, 7.0 μm; fiber width 8 mm; tensilestrength, 4,200 MPa), manufactured by Toho Tenax Co., Ltd., wassubjected to fiber widening to increase the width thereof to 16 mm.Before being subjected to treatment with a separation apparatus, thewidened reinforcing-fiber strand was passed through rollers having aninner width of 15 mm to thereby regulate the fiber width precisely to 15mm. Disk-shaped separation blades made of a cemented carbide were usedas the separation apparatus to slit the reinforcing-fiber strand atintervals of 3.2 mm. Furthermore, a rotary cutter made of a cementedcarbide and equipped with blades at intervals of 15 mm was used as acutting device to cut the slit strand so as to result in a fiber lengthof 15 mm. A tapered tube was arranged just under the rotary cutter.Compressed air was supplied into this tapered tube to introduce thefibers into the tapered tube and convey the fibers therethrough at asuction wind velocity of 5 m/sec. A polycarbonate (“Panlite” (registeredtrademark) L-1225Y, manufactured by Teijin Chemicals Ltd.) which werepulverized and classified so as to have an average particle diameter of500 μm was supplied as a matrix resin through the sidewall of thetapered tube. Subsequently, a movable conveyor net was arranged underthe outlet of the tapered tube, and the reinforcing fibers were suppliedthereto from the tapered tube while conducting suction with a blowerarranged under the net, thereby obtaining a random mat having a fiberareal weight of 2,640 g/m². The form of the reinforcing fibers in therandom mat was examined and, as a result, it was found that the fiberaxes of the reinforcing fibers were substantially parallel to a plane ofthe random mat and the reinforcing fibers were randomly dispersed in theplane.

In the random mat obtained, the reinforcing fibers had an average fiberlength of 15 mm and a weight-average fiber thickness of 0.05 mm. Thereinforcing fibers constituting the random mat had a weight-averagefiber width (Ww) of 3.02 mm, a number-average fiber width (Wn) of 2.27mm, and a dispersion ratio (Ww/Wn) of 1.33.

The random mat obtained was heated at 4.0 MPa for 10 minutes with apressing device heated at 300° C., thereby obtaining a shaped platehaving a thickness of 3.0 mm. The shaped plate obtained was evaluatedfor the thickness unevenness of the reinforcing-fiber mat. As a result,the coefficient of variation CV of the thickness was found to be 18.4%.Furthermore, the ultrasonic flaw detection test was conducted and, as aresult, portions in which the reflected-wave intensity was 70% or higherwere observed in a ratio of 80% or more.

In the shaped plate obtained, the volume content ratio of thereinforcing fibers was 50 vol %. The shaped plate was evaluated fortensile property in accordance with JIS 7164 and, as a result, theshaped plate was found to have a tensile strength of 420 MPa, adevelopment rate of properties relative to theoretical strength of 53%,and a tensile modulus ratio between 0-degree direction and 90-degreedirection of 1.16.

Example 5

As reinforcing fibers, PAN-based carbon fiber strand “Tenax” (registeredtrademark) UTS50-24K (fiber diameter, 6.9 μm; fiber width 10 mm; tensilestrength, 5,000 MPa), manufactured by Toho Tenax Co., Ltd., wassubjected to fiber widening to increase the width thereof to 22 mm.Before being subjected to treatment with a separation apparatus, thewidened reinforcing-fiber strand was passed through rollers having aninner width of 20 mm to thereby regulate the fiber width precisely to 20mm. Disk-shaped separation blades arranged at intervals of 2.6 mm and2.2 mm alternately were used as the separation apparatus to slit thereinforcing-fiber strand. Furthermore, a rotary cutter made of acemented carbide and equipped with blades at intervals of 30 mm was usedas a cutting device to cut the slit strand so as to result in a fiberlength of 30 mm. A tapered tube was arranged just under the rotarycutter. Compressed air was supplied into this tapered tube to introducethe fibers into the tapered tube and convey the fibers therethrough at asuction wind velocity of 5 m/sec. Polyamide-6 (“A1030”, manufactured byUnichika, Ltd.) which was pulverized and classified so as to have anaverage particle diameter of 500 pm was supplied as a matrix resinthrough the sidewall of the tapered tube. Subsequently, a movableconveyor net was arranged under the outlet of the tapered tube, and thereinforcing fibers were supplied thereto from the tapered tube whileconducting suction with a blower arranged under the net, therebyobtaining a random mat having a fiber areal weight of 4,000 g/m². Theform of the reinforcing fibers in the random mat was examined and, as aresult, it was found that the fiber axes of the reinforcing fibers weresubstantially parallel to a plane of the random mat and the reinforcingfibers were randomly dispersed in the plane.

In the random mat obtained, the reinforcing fibers had an average fiberlength of 30 mm and a weight-average fiber thickness of 0.07 mm. Thereinforcing fibers constituting the random mat had a weight-averagefiber width (Ww) of 2.20 mm, a number-average fiber width (Wn) of 1.39mm, and a dispersion ratio (Ww/Wn) of 1.58.

The random mat obtained was heated at 4.0 MPa for 10 minutes with apressing device heated at 280° C., thereby obtaining a shaped platehaving a thickness of 5.0 mm. The shaped plate obtained was evaluatedfor the thickness unevenness of the reinforcing-fiber mat. As a result,the coefficient of variation CV of the thickness was found to be 13.3%.Furthermore, the ultrasonic flaw detection test was conducted and, as aresult, portions in which the reflected-wave intensity was 70% or higherwere observed in a ratio of 80% or more.

In the shaped plate obtained, the volume content ratio of thereinforcing fibers was 45 vol %. The shaped plate was evaluated fortensile property in accordance with JIS 7164 and, as a result, theshaped plate was found to have a tensile strength of 550 MPa, adevelopment rate of properties relative to theoretical strength of 65%,and a tensile modulus ratio between 0-degree direction and 90-degreedirection of 1.09.

Comparative Example 2

As reinforcing fibers, PAN-based carbon fiber strand “Tenax” (registeredtrademark) UTS50-24K (fiber diameter, 6.9 μm; fiber width 10 mm; tensilestrength, 5,000 MPa), manufactured by Toho Tenax Co., Ltd., wassubjected to fiber widening to increase the width thereof to 22 mm.Before being subjected to treatment with a separation apparatus, thewidened reinforcing-fiber strand was passed through rollers having aninner width of 20 mm to thereby regulate the fiber width precisely to 20mm. A part of the reinforcing-fiber strand widened to a width of 20 mmwas slit at intervals of 4.2 mm, and the other part thereof was slit atintervals of 0.3 mm. The two kinds of slit strands were supplied in thesame amount to a cutting device. A rotary cutter made of a cementedcarbide and equipped with blades at intervals of 20 mm was used as thecutting device to cut the slit strands so as to result in a fiber lengthof 20 mm.

A tapered tube was arranged just under the rotary cutter. Compressed airwas supplied into this tapered tube to introduce the fibers into thetapered tube and convey the fibers therethrough at a suction windvelocity of 5 m/sec. Polyamide-6 (“A1030”, manufactured by Unichika,Ltd.) which were pulverized and classified so as to have an averageparticle diameter of 500 μm was supplied as a matrix resin through thesidewall of the tapered tube. Subsequently, a movable conveyor net wasarranged under the outlet of the tapered tube, and the carbon fiberswere supplied thereto from the tapered tube while conducting suctionwith a blower arranged under the net, thereby obtaining a random mathaving a fiber areal weight of 2,380 g/m². The form of the reinforcingfibers in the random mat was examined and, as a result, it was foundthat the fiber axes of the reinforcing fibers were substantiallyparallel to a plane of the random mat and the reinforcing fibers wererandomly dispersed in the plane.

In the random mat obtained, the reinforcing fibers had an average fiberlength of 20 mm and a weight-average fiber thickness of 0.06 mm. Thereinforcing fibers constituting the random mat had a weight-averagefiber width (Ww) of 2.21 mm, a number-average fiber width (Wn) of 0.54mm, and a dispersion ratio (Ww/Wn) of 4.08.

The random mat obtained was heated at 4.0 MPa for 10 minutes with apressing device heated at 280° C., thereby obtaining a shaped platehaving a thickness of 3.0 mm. The shaped plate obtained was evaluatedfor the thickness unevenness of the reinforcing-fiber mat. As a result,the coefficient of variation CV of the thickness was found to be 16.2%.Furthermore, the ultrasonic flaw detection test was conducted and, as aresult, portions in which the reflected-wave intensity was 70% or higherwere observed in a ratio of 80% or more.

In the shaped plate obtained, the volume content ratio of thereinforcing fibers was 45 vol %. The shaped plate was evaluated fortensile property in accordance with JIS 7164 and, as a result, theshaped plate was found to have a tensile strength of 490 MPa, adevelopment rate of properties relative to theoretical strength of 58%,and a tensile modulus ratio between 0-degree direction and 90-degreedirection of 1.08.

Comparative Example 3

As reinforcing fibers, PAN-based carbon fiber strand “Tenax” (registeredtrademark) HTS40-6K (fiber diameter, 7.0 μm; fiber width 6 mm; tensilestrength, 4,200 MPa), manufactured by Toho Tenax Co., Ltd., was used. Aroving cutter equipped with blades at intervals of 6 mm was used to cutthe reinforcing-fiber strand so as to result in a fiber length of 6 mm.These reinforcing fibers cut with the roving cutter were supplied to aconveyor net arranged just under the cutter, thereby obtaining areinforcing-fiber mat having a fiber areal weight of 2,640 g/m². Theform of the reinforcing fibers in the reinforcing-fiber mat was examinedand, as a result, it was found that the fiber axes of the reinforcingfibers were substantially parallel to a plane of the random mat and thereinforcing fibers were randomly dispersed in the plane.

In the reinforcing-fiber mat obtained, the reinforcing fibers had anaverage fiber length of 6.1 mm and a weight-average fiber thickness of0.05 mm. The reinforcing fibers constituting the reinforcing-fiber mathad a weight-average fiber width (Ww) of 5.81 mm, a number-average fiberwidth (Wn) of 5.25 mm, and a dispersion ratio (Ww/Wn) of 1.11.

A polycarbonate film (“Panlite” (registered trademark) L-1225Y,manufactured by Teijin Chemicals Ltd.) of 1,815 g/m² was layered on eachsurface of the reinforcing-fiber mat having reinforcing-fiber arealweight of 2,640 g/m², and the layered body was heated and pressed with apair of heating roller having a set temperature of 300° C., therebyobtaining a random mat in which the resin was evenly impregnated.

The random mat obtained was heated at 4.0 MPa for 10 minutes with apressing device heated at 300° C., thereby obtaining a shaped platehaving a thickness of 3.1 mm. The shaped plate obtained was evaluatedfor the thickness unevenness of the reinforcing-fiber mat. As a result,the coefficient of variation CV of the thickness was found to be 32.4%.Furthermore, the ultrasonic flaw detection test was conducted and, as aresult, portions in which the reflected-wave intensity was 70% or higherwere observed in a ratio of 47%. It was ascertained that this shapedplate had unimpregnated portions inside.

In the shaped plate obtained, the volume content ratio of thereinforcing fibers was 49 vol %. The shaped plate was evaluated fortensile property in accordance with JIS 7164 and, as a result, theshaped plate was found to have a tensile strength of 380 MPa, adevelopment rate of properties relative to theoretical strength of 48%,and a tensile modulus ratio between 0-degree direction and 90-degreedirection of 1.32.

Industrial Applicability

The random mat and fiber-reinforced composite material shaped productobtained according to the invention have excellent mechanical strengthand are excellent in terms of the isotropy thereof. Consequently, therandom mat and the shaped composite material are usable for or asvarious constituent members, e.g., inside plates, outside plates, andconstituent members for motor vehicles, the frames or housings ofvarious electrical products or machines, or the like.

While the invention has been described in detail and with reference tospecific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in theart that various changes and modifications can be made therein withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope thereof.

This application is based on a Japanese patent application filed on Jul.31, 2012 (Application No. 2012-169936), the contents thereof beingincorporated herein by reference.

DESCRIPTION OF THE REFERENCE NUMERALS

1. Reinforcing fibers

2. Pinch roller

3. Rubber roller

4. Rotary cutter main body

5. Blade

6. Cut reinforcing fibers

7. Blade pitch

8. Widened reinforcing fibers

9. Widening device

10. Fiber-width control roller

11. Slitter for separating

12. Separated reinforcing fibers

1. A random mat, comprising: reinforcing fibers having an average fiberlength of 3 to 100 mm; and a thermoplastic resin, wherein thereinforcing fibers satisfy the following i) to iii): i) the reinforcingfibers have a weight-average fiber width (Ww) which satisfies thefollowing equation (1):0 mm<Ww<2.8 mm   (1); ii) the reinforcing fibers have anaverage-fiber-width dispersion ratio (Ww/Wn), which is defined as aratio of the weight-average fiber width (Ww) to a number-average fiberwidth (Wn), of 1.00 or more and 2.00 or less; and iii) the reinforcingfibers have a weight-average fiber thickness which is smaller than theweight-average fiber width (Ww), and the weight-average fiber thicknessof the reinforcing fibers is 0.01 mm or more and 0.30 mm or less.
 2. Therandom mat according to claim 1, wherein the reinforcing fibers are atleast one kind selected from the group consisting of carbon fibers,aramid fibers, and glass fibers.
 3. The random mat according to claim 1,wherein the weight-average fiber width (Ww) of the reinforcing fiberssatisfies the following equation (2):0.1 mm<Ww<2.0 mm   (2).
 4. The random mat according to claim 1, whereinthe average-fiber-width dispersion ratio (Ww/Wn) of the reinforcingfibers is 1.30 or more and 1.95 or less.
 5. The random mat according toclaim 1, wherein the weight-average fiber thickness of the reinforcingfibers is 0.02 mm or more and 0.20 mm or less.
 6. The random mataccording to claim 1, which has a reinforcing-fiber areal weight of 25to 10,000 g/m².
 7. The random mat according to claim 1, wherein acontent of the thermoplastic resin present is 10 to 800 parts by weightper 100 parts by weight of the reinforcing fibers.
 8. A fiber-reinforcedcomposite material shaped product obtained from the random mat accordingto claim
 1. 9. The fiber-reinforced composite material shaped productaccording to claim 8, comprising: reinforcing fibers having an averagefiber length of 3 to 100 mm; and a thermoplastic resin, wherein thereinforcing fibers satisfy the following i) to iii): i) the reinforcingfibers have a weight-average fiber width (Ww) which satisfies thefollowing equation (1):0 mm<Ww<2.8 mm   (1); ii) the reinforcing fibers have a dispersion ratio(Ww/Wn), which is defined as the ratio of the weight-average fiber width(Ww) to a number-average fiber width (Wn), of 1.00 or more and 2.00 orless; iii) the reinforcing fibers have a weight-average fiber thicknesswhich is smaller than the weight-average fiber width (Ww).
 10. Thefiber-reinforced composite material shaped product according to claim 8,comprising a reinforcing-fiber mat constituted by the reinforcingfibers, wherein the reinforcing-fiber mat having a thickness unevennessof 20% or less in terms of a coefficient of variation CV defined by thefollowing equation (3):Coefficient of variation CV (%)=[(standard deviation)/(averagevalue)]×100   (3).
 11. The fiber-reinforced composite material shapedproduct according to claim 8, which has a wall thickness of 0.2 to 100mm.